Terms and Conditions

Please read these Terms and Conditions ("Terms") carefully before using or subscribing to the TypaTune.com website and service operated by Brooklyn Falls, LLC, Murray, Utah ("we," "us," or "our"). By accessing or using the TypaTune service (the "Service"), you agree to be bound by these Terms. If you do not agree with any part of these Terms, please do not use the Service.

Definitions

• Service: The TypaTune.com website, applications, features, content, online typing tutor game, and any related services we provide.
• Account: A registered user account required to access certain parts of the Service.
• Subscriber: An Account holder who purchases and maintains a paid subscription tier.
• Free User: A user accessing the free, limited version of the Service without a paid subscription.
• Content: All text, graphics, audio, video, images, exercises, lessons, user submissions, and other materials available via the Service.
• Subscription Tier(s): The paid subscription levels (e.g. Tier 1, Tier 2, Tier 3) that offer different features as described on our Site.
• User Content: Any content a user submits, uploads, or posts to the Service (including profile information, forum posts, messages, performance data, etc.).

Acceptance and Changes to Terms

These Terms constitute a legal agreement between you and Brooklyn Falls, LLC, Murray, Utah governing your use of the Service. We may modify these Terms at any time. If we make changes, we will post the updated Terms on our Site and update the "Last updated" date. Changes take effect when posted. We will provide notice of material changes where required by law. By continuing to use the Service after any changes become effective, you accept the revised Terms. If you do not agree to the new Terms, you must stop using the Service.

Eligibility and Accounts

You must be at least the minimum age required by your jurisdiction (for example, 13 years old in many countries) to create an Account and use the Service. If you are under the required minimum age, you may only use the Service with verifiable parental or guardian authorization, and only if permitted by applicable law.

When creating an Account, you agree to provide accurate, current, and complete information, and to keep this information updated. You are responsible for maintaining the confidentiality of your Account login credentials and for all activities that occur under your Account. Please notify us immediately if you suspect any unauthorized access or use of your Account.

Licenses; Access; Restrictions

Grant of License

Subject to your compliance with these Terms (and payment of any applicable fees), we grant you a limited, non-exclusive, non-transferable, revocable license to access and use the Service and its Content for your personal, non-commercial use. This license allows you to enjoy the Service's features for personal entertainment and learning, but it does not give you any ownership of the Service or its Content.

Paid Subscription License

If you are a paid Subscriber, you receive a license to access the additional features of your chosen Subscription Tier for the duration of your paid subscription (typically an annual period). This license remains valid only while your subscription is active and in good standing. (Purchasing a subscription does not mean you own any part of our software or platform; it only grants you the right to use the Service's features as described for that tier.)

Free Version

If you are a Free User, we grant you a limited, no-cost license to access the "light" version of the Service with the features available for free users (as described on our Site). This free license may have more restricted functionality and is subject to all the terms and usage restrictions described here.

Usage Restrictions

In using our Service, you agree that you will not, and will not assist anyone else to do the following:

• Copy, modify, distribute, sell, sublicense, or rent any part of the Service or its Content (except to the extent that we expressly permit under these Terms).
• Reverse engineer, decompile, or create derivative works based on the Service (except to the extent such restriction is prohibited by law).
• Remove or alter any proprietary notices or labels on the Service or any Content.
• Use the Service to build or promote a competing product or service.
• Circumvent or attempt to circumvent any usage limits, security measures, or access controls of the Service.
• Use the Service in any manner that violates any applicable law or regulation, or in a way that breaches these Terms.

Any unauthorized use of the Service or Content will immediately terminate the license granted to you by these Terms (without refund, if applicable) and may violate various laws (including intellectual property and computer security laws).

Subscriptions, Payment, Renewal, and Refunds

Subscription Fees

To access certain premium features, you must purchase a Subscription Tier. Subscription fees are charged on an annual basis (unless otherwise stated) for each subscription period. The specific pricing and features for each Tier (Tier 1, Tier 2, Tier 3, etc.) are provided on our Site and are part of your agreement when you subscribe. You agree to pay all fees associated with the chosen subscription.

Payment Processing

Payments for subscriptions are handled through our approved third-party payment processors. By providing a payment method, you represent that you are authorized to use that payment method and you authorize us (and our payment processors) to charge the subscription fee (and any applicable taxes) to that payment method. All fees are in the currency specified at purchase and include any applicable taxes unless stated otherwise.

Auto-Renewal

Subscriptions automatically renew at the end of each annual term unless you cancel your subscription before the renewal date. This means that, each year on your renewal date, we will automatically charge the then-current annual subscription fee to your provided payment method. We will inform you of any significant changes to the subscription price ahead of renewal as required by law. You are responsible for canceling in advance of renewal if you do not want to continue your subscription.

Price Changes

We reserve the right to change the subscription fees for any future subscription term. If the price of your subscription is due to increase on renewal, we will provide advance notice (for example, by email or by a notice on our Site) in accordance with legal requirements. New prices will not apply until your next renewal, and if you do not agree with a price change, you may cancel your subscription before the new rate takes effect.

Refunds

All sales are final at checkout. We do not offer refunds for subscription purchases. We encourage all users to take full advantage of our 7-day free trial period to evaluate the Service before their subscription begins. During the free trial, you may cancel at any time without charge. Once your paid subscription begins after the trial period, no refunds will be provided except as required by applicable law.

Free Trials and Promotional Offers

From time to time, we may offer free trials or promotional subscription offers for new users. The specific terms of any free trial or promotion (such as duration of the trial and what features are included) will be provided at the time you sign up. Unless otherwise stated, free trials automatically convert to a paid subscription at the end of the trial period. This means if you do not cancel before the trial ends, you will be charged the applicable subscription fee for the tier you were trialing. We will remind you of this before any trial converts to a paid subscription, as required by law. Promotional offers may be subject to additional terms, and if there is any conflict between those terms and these Terms, the promotional terms will apply for that specific offer.

User Content, Forums, and Community Features

We may provide interactive features such as user profiles, forums, chat areas, or the ability to post scores, comments, or other content. When you use these features, the following terms apply:

Ownership of User Content

You retain ownership of any User Content you create or submit to the Service. We do not claim ownership over your personal posts or contributions. However, by submitting or posting User Content on the Service, you grant us a worldwide, royalty-free, non-exclusive license to use, reproduce, modify, adapt, publish, translate, distribute, and display your User Content as needed to provide the Service and our features. This license allows us, for example, to display your posts to other users, to reformat content for display, or to promote or improve our Service. We will respect any privacy settings you have (if such features are available) in using your content. This license ends when the User Content is deleted from our systems, except to the extent it has been shared with others and they have not deleted it, or as required to be retained for legal reasons.

User Conduct

When interacting with our Service and other users, you agree to behave respectfully and lawfully. You must not post or share any User Content that is illegal, defamatory, obscene, pornographic, hateful, infringing on intellectual property rights, invasive of privacy, harassing, or otherwise objectionable or harmful. You also agree not to post spam, advertisements, or any content that is off-topic or disruptive. We encourage open and positive community discussions – be kind and respectful to others.

Moderation and Removal

We reserve the right (but do not assume the obligation) to monitor user interactions and content on the Service. We may remove or refuse to display any User Content for any reason, including if we, in our sole discretion, believe it violates these Terms or our community guidelines, or is otherwise harmful or objectionable. We may also suspend or terminate your ability to post content or use community features if you violate these Terms. However, we do not pre-screen all content and cannot guarantee that we will catch every inappropriate posting.

Reporting and Takedown

If you become aware of misuse of the Service or believe any content infringes your rights (for example, copyright violations or harassment), please report it through the channels described on our Site (such as a "Report Abuse" function or contacting support). We will review reports and remove content or take action as appropriate in accordance with applicable laws (including the Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA) or other takedown laws where relevant).

Intellectual Property

Our Rights

All intellectual property rights in and to the Service and Content (excluding User Content provided by users) are and will remain the exclusive property of Brooklyn Falls, LLC, Murray, Utah and its licensors. This includes all software, code, design elements, graphics, logos, trademarks, and content provided by us. Using our Service does not give you ownership of any intellectual property rights in the Service or Content. We only grant you the limited license as described above. All rights not expressly granted to you in these Terms are reserved by us. You also agree not to remove, obscure, or alter any copyright, trademark, or other proprietary rights notices on the Service or Content.

Feedback

If you choose to provide us with any suggestions, ideas, or feedback about the Service ("Feedback"), you agree that we can use and share such Feedback for any purpose, without any compensation to you. We appreciate feedback, but please understand that we may use it to improve our products and services without any obligation or attribution to you. You hereby grant us a perpetual, irrevocable, worldwide, royalty-free license to use, modify, and incorporate any Feedback you provide.

Third-Party Services and Links

The Service may include links or integrations to third-party websites, services, or resources that are not operated by us. This might include payment processors, social media sharing features, analytics services, or external websites referenced in content. These links and integrations are provided for your convenience. However, we do not control and are not responsible for any third-party content, products, services, or practices. If you access a third-party website or service from our Service, you do so at your own risk. Any use of third-party websites or services is subject to those third parties' terms and privacy policies, not ours. We encourage you to review the terms and privacy policies of any third-party services you interact with. (For example, if we use a third-party payment processor, your payment transaction is subject to that processor's terms.) We are not liable for any damage or loss caused or alleged to be caused by your use of or reliance on any content, goods, or services available through any third-party links.

Privacy

Your privacy is important to us. Our collection, use, and disclosure of personal information in connection with the Service are described in our Privacy Policy, which is available on our Site (please see the link on our homepage or footer). We encourage you to read the Privacy Policy carefully because by using the Service, you consent to the collection and use of your information as outlined in that policy. If you have questions about how we handle data, please review the Privacy Policy or contact us for more information. Remember, by using TypaTune, you are also agreeing to the practices described in the Privacy Policy.

Warranties and Disclaimers

The following disclaimers are important, so please read them carefully:

No Warranty

The Service is provided to you on an "as is" and "as available" basis. This means that we are offering the Service without any promises or guarantees about its quality, performance, or reliability. We make no warranty or representation of any kind — express, implied, or statutory — about the Service. For example, we disclaim any implied warranties of merchantability (that the Service is of a commercial quality), fitness for a particular purpose (that the Service will meet your specific needs), accuracy, availability, quiet enjoyment, and non-infringement. You use the Service at your own risk.

No Guarantee of Service Conditions

We do not guarantee that your access to the Service will be uninterrupted or error-free. We cannot promise that the Service will always function without disruptions, delays, or imperfections. For instance, you might experience occasional downtime, delays in responsiveness, or loss of data. We also do not guarantee that the Service will meet all of your expectations or requirements.

Third-Party Content

We have no control over, and are not responsible for, content provided by other users or third parties. This includes information, lessons, or other materials uploaded by users, or links to external websites. We do not warrant or endorse any user-posted or third-party content and will not be liable for any errors or omissions in any content, or for any loss or damage of any kind incurred as a result of the use of any content posted, transmitted, or otherwise made available via the Service.

Some jurisdictions do not allow the exclusion of certain warranties, so some of the above disclaimers may not apply to you. In such cases, any implied warranties are limited to the minimum scope and duration permitted by law.

Limitation of Liability

To the fullest extent permitted by law, Brooklyn Falls, LLC, Murray, Utah and its affiliates will not be liable for any indirect, incidental, special, consequential, or punitive damages arising out of or relating to your use of (or inability to use) the Service. This includes, for example, damages for lost profits or revenues, loss of data, loss of goodwill, or business interruption, even if we have been advised of the possibility of such damages. You acknowledge that the Service is offered for only the subscription fees (if any) charged, which would be much higher if we had to assume the risk of your indirect damages.

Furthermore, our total liability to you for all claims in aggregate (for example, for any and all causes of action arising out of or relating to the Service or these Terms) will not exceed the amount that you have paid to us for the Service in the 12 months immediately prior to the event that gave rise to your claim. If you have not paid anything to us (for example, if you are using the free version), our total liability to you for any claim will not exceed USD $100 (or the equivalent in your local currency).

Note: Some jurisdictions do not allow certain limitations of liability. If laws that apply to you do not allow the exclusion or limitation of certain damages as described above, then those specific exclusions or limitations may not apply to you. In that case, our liability will be limited to the maximum extent permitted by law.

Indemnification

You agree that if a third party makes a claim against us because of something you did, you will compensate us for any harm or loss we suffer. In legal terms, you agree to indemnify, defend, and hold harmless Brooklyn Falls, LLC, Murray, Utah, as well as our officers, directors, employees, contractors, and agents, from and against any claims, losses, liabilities, damages, judgments, penalties, costs, or expenses (including reasonable attorneys' fees) that arise out of or relate to:

• Your breach of these Terms (meaning any action by you that violates what you agreed to in this contract),
• Any User Content you submit or make available through the Service (for example, if you post content that infringes someone else's rights or causes harm),
• Your violation of any law or regulation or of any right of a third party (for instance, your misuse of the Service in a way that violates someone's privacy or intellectual property), and/or
• Your use of the Service or conduct in connection with the Service (for example, any activity on your account, whether by you or someone using your account).

We reserve the right to handle our legal defense however we see fit, even if you are indemnifying us, and you agree to cooperate with us in such cases. You also agree not to settle any such matter without our prior written consent (because an unfavorable settlement could hurt us too).

Account Suspension and Termination

By Us

We hope to never have to do this, but we reserve the right to suspend or terminate your Account or your access to some or all of the Service at any time if we have a reasonable belief that: (i) you have violated these Terms or any applicable law; (ii) your use of the Service is causing harm to us, other users, or third parties; or (iii) it's necessary for security reasons or to prevent fraud or illegal activity. We may do this with or without prior notice to you, depending on the circumstances. For example, if we determine that you are engaging in serious misconduct (like posting illegal content or attempting to hack the Service), we might disable your account immediately. In less urgent cases, we might send a warning or request that you correct an issue before we take further action. Suspension or termination for cause does not entitle you to any refund of prepaid fees, and you may lose access to any data associated with your account (subject to applicable law and our data retention practices described below).

By You

You have the right to stop using the Service at any time. If you wish to terminate (delete) your Account, you may do so by contacting our customer support and following the account deletion process (which may be described on the Site or provided by support). Keep in mind that terminating your Account will end your access to the Service, and you will lose any data or content (including progress, scores, etc.) associated with your Account unless you have exported it or saved it elsewhere. If you are a Subscriber and you cancel your account before the end of your subscription term, we will not provide a prorated refund for the remaining period except where required by law or stated in our refund policy.

Effect of Termination

Once your Account is terminated (by you or us), your rights to access the Service and Content will immediately end. The license granted to you to use the Service (see Licenses; Access; Restrictions above) will be revoked. We may delete or anonymize your User Content and other data associated with your account, unless we are required to retain it by law or it is allowed under our Privacy Policy (for example, backup copies or logs may be retained for a period of time). You will remain responsible for any fees or charges you incurred prior to termination. Sections of these Terms that by their nature should survive termination (such as Indemnification, Limitation of Liability, Disclaimers, and Governing Law) will continue to apply even after your use of the Service ends.

Data Retention and Export

We retain user account data and User Content for as long as necessary to operate the Service and as described in our Privacy Policy. We are not obligated to retain your data or content indefinitely after your account is closed. If you want to keep any information or content that you have provided (for example, typing scores or custom lesson data), please make sure to export or save that data before you delete your Account. After account deletion or termination, we may permanently delete your data (although we might retain aggregated or anonymized data, or backups for a limited time, as described in the Privacy Policy or as required by law). We are not liable for any data that you lose if you fail to back it up or export it when you have the chance.

Security

We take security seriously and implement commercially reasonable measures to protect the integrity of our Service and the security of user data. This includes using standard encryption and security practices appropriate for our platform. However, no system is 100% secure. By using our Service, you acknowledge that there is always some risk of unauthorized access or data loss. We need your help as well: you are responsible for maintaining the security of your devices and your account credentials. Please use a strong password, protect it, and limit access to your account. If you discover any security issues or vulnerabilities in our Service, notify us immediately so we can take action.

Export Controls

The software and Service may be subject to United States export controls or other international trade laws and regulations. You agree not to export, re-export, or use the Service in any country or in any manner prohibited by export control laws. This means you will not, for example, download or use the Service if you are in a country under a U.S. embargo, or provide access to the Service to individuals or entities on government sanction lists. By using TypaTune, you represent that you are not located in, under the control of, or a national or resident of any such prohibited country or list. Compliance with these laws is your responsibility.

Governing Law and Dispute Resolution

Governing Law

These Terms and your use of the Service are governed by the laws of [State/Country], without regard to its conflict of law principles. This governing law will apply to any disputes or interpretation of these Terms. (If you are a consumer in the EU or another jurisdiction with mandatory consumer protections, this choice of law does not deprive you of any protection provided by your home country's laws.)

Dispute Resolution and Arbitration

We hope to resolve any issues quickly and amicably through our support team. However, if a dispute arises between you and us that we cannot resolve informally, you and we agree to resolve those disputes through binding arbitration, except to the extent prohibited by law. Arbitration is a process where a neutral arbitrator (instead of a judge or jury in court) hears and decides the dispute.

Arbitration Process

You and we agree to conduct the arbitration in [Venue] (unless you and we both agree on a different location or a telephonic/e-mail process) under the rules of [Arbitration Body] (for example, the American Arbitration Association (AAA) Commercial Arbitration Rules, or other applicable arbitration provider). The arbitration will be conducted in English (or another language if we both agree).

No Class Actions

You and we each agree that any dispute resolution proceedings will be conducted only on an individual basis and not in a class, consolidated, or representative action. This means you cannot participate in a class action or class-wide arbitration against us. We each waive the right to a jury trial as well.

Exceptions

Despite the above, either you or we may choose to bring an individual action in a small claims court for disputes or claims within the scope of that court's jurisdiction, or to seek an injunction or other equitable relief in a court of competent jurisdiction if one of us believes the other's conduct may cause irreparable harm before the arbitration process can be completed.

If Arbitration Is Unenforceable

If a court with proper authority determines that the arbitration agreement is not enforceable or valid, then you and we agree that any dispute will be resolved exclusively in the state or federal courts of [Jurisdiction], and we both consent to venue and personal jurisdiction there.

Modifications for Local Law

We understand certain laws may not allow mandatory arbitration or the waiver of class actions or jury trials. In such cases, the above provisions (or any conflicting part of them) will be interpreted to comply with the law. Our goal is to resolve disputes fairly and efficiently.

(The venue, arbitration body, and jurisdiction will be specified by us based on our principal place of business or other relevant factors. Please refer to the specific details we provide in any arbitration notice or updated Terms.)

Changes to the Service

We are always working to improve and evolve our Service. Therefore, we reserve the right to add, remove, or change features or offerings of the Service at any time. For example, we may introduce new game modes, modify how a feature works, or discontinue certain outdated features. We may also decide to offer new Subscription Tiers or change the inclusions of existing tiers. We will endeavor to give you advance notice of any material changes to the Service or its functionality, especially if those changes will significantly affect your use of the Service or the value of your subscription. Notice may be provided through the Service (for instance, via an in-app notification or banner) or via email. If you continue to use the Service after changes are made, that will constitute your acceptance of the changes. If you do not agree with a significant change, you may need to stop using the Service or, if applicable, cancel your subscription. Please note that no warranty is given that the Service will continue to offer any particular feature or content indefinitely – features may be changed or removed at our discretion.

Promotional Communications and Email

By creating an Account, you agree that we may send you transactional or service-related communications. These include things like receipts, account notifications, administrative messages, and reminders (for example, password resets, subscription renewal notices, or support responses). These communications are considered part of the Service and you generally cannot opt out of them as long as you maintain an Account, except by deleting your Account.

With your consent (or as otherwise permitted by applicable law), we may also send you promotional communications. These might include newsletters, special offers, surveys, or other updates that may be of interest to you. You have the choice to opt out of receiving promotional emails or messages from us at any time. You can typically find an "unsubscribe" link at the bottom of our promotional emails, or you can manage your communication preferences in your Account settings if that feature is available. Opting out of promotional messages will not affect your receipt of transactional/service messages.

We care about your preferences and will honor requests to unsubscribe from marketing communications. Please note that it might take a short time to process your opt-out request, and you might receive a few messages that were initiated prior to your request.

Support and Contact

If you have any questions, concerns, or need assistance regarding the Service or these Terms (including billing or account issues), you can contact us through the support channels provided on our Site. For example, you may reach us by email at admin@typatune.com or by mail at Brooklyn Falls, LLC, Murray, Utah. If we have a support phone number, it will be listed on our Site as well. We aim to respond to customer inquiries promptly and help resolve any issues.

For legal notices or service of process, you may need to send us correspondence at the address provided on our Site for legal correspondence (typically listed in our Privacy Policy or a "Contact Us" page). Any notices that you send to us by mail will be deemed delivered when actually received by us. Likewise, any notices we send to you (such as changes to these Terms or other important matters) may be delivered by email, regular mail, or postings within the Service.

Miscellaneous

Severability

If any provision of these Terms is held by a court of competent jurisdiction to be invalid or unenforceable, then that provision will be deemed modified to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable (if possible) or severed from these Terms if not possible. In any case, the remaining provisions of these Terms will remain in full force and effect. In simple terms, if one part of this contract is invalid, the rest still applies.

Entire Agreement

These Terms, along with our Privacy Policy and any other policies or guidelines posted on our Site (which are incorporated by reference into these Terms), constitute the entire agreement between you and us regarding your use of the Service. They supersede any prior agreements or communications (whether written or oral) between you and us related to the Service. Any additional or different terms you may communicate to us (for example, in an email or support ticket) do not change these Terms unless we expressly agree in writing that they form an amendment to this agreement.

Assignment

You may not transfer or assign your rights or obligations under these Terms to anyone else without our prior written consent. For example, you cannot give your account or subscription to another person or entity as a matter of contract. We, however, may transfer or assign our rights and obligations under these Terms (in whole or in part) to another party at any time, and this will often occur, for instance, if we undergo a business transaction such as a merger, acquisition, sale of assets, or corporate reorganization. If such a transfer occurs, we will ensure that your rights under these Terms are not reduced and will provide notice if required by law.

No Waiver

If we fail to enforce any provision of these Terms, it does not mean we are waiving our right to enforce it in the future. For example, if you violate these Terms and we do not take immediate action, we still have the right to take action later for that violation or any subsequent violations. Any waiver of rights by us must be made explicitly in writing.

Force Majeure

We are not liable for any failure or delay in our performance under these Terms when it is due to causes beyond our reasonable control, such as natural disasters, war, terrorism, riots, embargoes, government orders, failure of telecommunications or the internet, or other force majeure events. In such cases, our obligations will be suspended for as long as the event continues.

Headings

The section titles and headings in these Terms are for convenience only and have no legal effect.

Appendix A — Additional Provisions for User Communities

(The following additional terms apply, especially if our Service includes social or community features where users interact with each other.)

Community Rules

We strive to make TypaTune a safe and friendly community. All users must follow our community guidelines and rules of conduct as posted on the Site. This means no profanity, harassment, hate speech, explicit sexual content, illegal activities, spamming, impersonation, or "doxxing" (revealing others' personal information) is allowed. Any content or behavior that violates these standards is prohibited. Treat other community members with respect and courtesy.

Reporting Abuse

We encourage users to report any abusive or inappropriate content or behavior they encounter on the Service. Instructions for reporting (for example, using a "Report" button or contacting our support email) are provided on the Site. When we receive a report, we will investigate it and take action if appropriate. This could include removing content, warning or suspending the offending user, or contacting law enforcement if necessary. We will handle reports confidentially to the extent possible, but we may inform the person who posted the content that a report has been made.

Moderation Policy

To keep the community safe and enjoyable, we reserve the right to moderate content and user behavior. This means we may edit or remove user posts or other content that violate the rules, and we may suspend or ban users who repeatedly or egregiously violate community guidelines or these Terms. Our decisions on moderation are final, though users may contact us if they believe a mistake has been made. We also may allow community moderators (including volunteer moderators) to help enforce rules, but ultimate enforcement decisions lie with us.

User Safety

Please be mindful of your own safety and privacy when using the Service. Do not share sensitive personal information (like your full name, address, phone number, financial information, or account passwords) publicly on the Service. Remember that any information you post can potentially be seen by others. We are not responsible for interactions you have with other users, whether on the Service or off it, so please exercise common sense. If you arrange to meet someone or interact outside of the Service, do so with caution. Online interactions can have real-world consequences, so protect yourself accordingly.

Parental Controls

If you are a parent or guardian and your child (under the age of majority) is using our Service, we recommend you supervise their activity. The Service is not directed to young children, but if a minor is allowed to use the Service (with your permission), you are responsible for the minor's activities. We encourage parents to educate their children about online safety and to utilize any available parental control features (either on our Service or via third-party software) to help ensure a safe experience. Where required by law, we will seek verifiable parental consent for users under a certain age, and we may restrict access to certain features for minor users.